|
Medical News Today
Drug and Chemical Tests Using Animals Fail to Predict Birth Defect Risk Half
the Time
27 May 2005
Pregnant women may unknowingly be putting their unborn children at risk of
birth defects by taking over-the-counter medications and prescription drugs,
and using common household chemicals, according to a new study published in
the May issue of the research journal, Biogenic Amines.
"The Future of Teratology Is In Vitro" shows that many common drugs and
household chemicals have been certified as safe for humans on the basis of
animal tests that are accurate on average slightly more than half the time.
"We are betting the health of our children on odds just slightly better than
a coin flip," said principal author Jarrod Bailey, Ph.D., project
development coordinator at the University of Newcastle Upon Tyne School of
Population and Health Sciences.
Potential teratogens-drugs and chemicals that can cause birth defects during
pregnancy-are tested on animals, including mice, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys.
None of these animal tests can accurately predict how the substances will
affect humans, said Dr. Bailey. "There are simply too many differences in
physiology and biochemistry," he noted.
"We are betting the health of our children on odds just slightly better than
a coin flip."
--Jarrod Bailey, Ph.D.
As a result, researchers test drugs and compounds across a wide spectrum of
species, a practice that leads to conflicting and often useless results.
Among the examples cited: Cortisone has teratogenic effects on every animal
species tested, but none in humans. Valium can cause fetal malformations in
humans during the first trimester of pregnancy, but causes none in rats.
According to the report's authors, "Virtually all known human teratogens
have so far been identified in spite of, rather than because of,
animal-based methods." The answer, said Bailey, is in vitro, or test-tube
based, technology. "Embryonic stem cell tests (EST) are more effective in
detecting potential embryotoxicities than tests using animals," he said.
"It is time to admit that animal-based testing is an abject failure," Bailey
added. "An estimated 50,000 to 70,000 new chemicals and up to 400 new drugs
are introduced to the market every year. Every year we delay, every year we
continue to rely on animal testing, brings us that much closer to another
tragedy like thalidomide."
Founded in 1985, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine is a
nonprofit health organization that promotes preventive medicine, especially
good nutrition. PCRM also conducts clinical research studies, opposes
unethical human experimentation, and promotes alternatives to animal
research.
Contact: Howard White
hwhite@pcrm.org
202-686-2210
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
http://www.pcrm.org
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=25183
|
